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Anti-site defect, coloured gold

An anti-site defect can also be called "atom interchange". It consists of an interchanged pair of atoms:


It is a common defect in metal alloys, which consist of neutral atoms, such as in CuAu above. It is very unfavourable in binary ionic compounds because it would cause similarly-charged ions to be neighbouring.

Gold, silver and copper blend together smoothly in a range of alloys varying in colour.


It is interesting that the color many people associate with gold is not the color of pure gold, since marketplace gold usually has copper and silver added, making it yellow or yellowish. 

Many ancient cultures had high copper content in their gold, so they associated it more with red than yellow.

Gold can also be made white by mixing it with about 10% nickel, palladium or manganese. This alloy is what "white gold" means in jewellers, it is unlikely to refer to a gold/silver alloy, though they might mix a small amount of silver in.

Generally a small touch of zinc is added to harden the alloy.

Pure gold is 24 carat. Mixing 14 parts of gold to 10 parts something else will create 14 carat gold, 18 to 6 creates 18K gold, and so on.

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