In the reaction above, K1 is about equal to K2, and they are both in favor of the carbonyls. So we would expect a 50:50 mixture.
The reason that doesn't happen is due to an additional equilibrium - the deprotonation of the acid:
This drives it over to the right.
The process can also be represented as an energy diagram:
Below is another example of a reaction which can be driven left or right, depending on pH:
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